Papers (Part 1)

• The Unwritten Codes: Gender-Based Role Expectation and Rivalry Among Indonesia Army Wives Wida Ayu Puspitosari Brawijaya University

  This paper deploys an ethnographic research of gender-based role expectation of Indonesia army wives. Its aim is to question wives’ positionality vis-à-vis the military institution and consider the implication for how to understand the unwritten codes to be army wives itself. This paper asserts that the expectation for wives are culturally gendered role that are different for seniors’ and junior’s enlisted wives. To address these points, I discuss the meaning of gendered roles, then progress through a brief history of military marriage procedures, then discuss current expectations for and perception of army wives. I then evaluate the extent to which gendered role expectations continue to reflect rivalry among army wives before concluding with assertion about what today’s stereotypes and role expectation say about social progress in Indonesia army.

• Transwomen Gap for a Formal Work Attainment as a Part of Indonesia’s SDGS Implementation Constrains Fanny Syariful Alam Bandung School of Peace

  The Indonesian Government's commitment to signing Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) from 2015- 2030 views their significant development platform in a purpose to create sustainable developing aspects for more prosperous societies and the country. It is translated into Presidential Act no. 59/2017 about The Implementation of Achievement towards Sustainable Development Goals with an emphasis of three principles, such as Acceleration, Funding, and Inclusion. Inclusion in SDGs means leaving no one behind, ensuring that all the targets must meet the interests of all people of nations without any exceptions as stated by UNSTATS, and it covers vulnerable or marginalized groups, including LGBTI. 12 UN entities endorse the statement underlining the importance of LGBTI's participation for countries' development process. In contradict, the LGBTI in Indonesia have faced serious challenges, principally about their human rights. Transwomen are considered repressed for their right to be properly employed. A formal work attainment for the group tends to create another negative concern due to the employers' highlight to their sexuality not to their capacity. The paper elaborates how their gap occurs based on the methods of direct observation toward keypersons as well as literature and media study. It comes with an expectation that in long terms, the group might be employed for formal works as maintained for informal ones currently.

• Unlocked Boundaries: Women Transformation Among Indonesian Migrant Workers Anggaunitakiranantika State University of Malang

  Modernization in various sectors in Indonesia, has made women more flexible and open-minded in doing their activities. For a long time, Indonesian women have often been perceived as being weak and backward, unable to show their quality in the many fields, including social, economic and political. Over the 20 year, Indonesia admitted for transnational migrant worker through Asia pacific especially for domestic worker namely Singapore, Malaysia, Hong Kong and Taiwan. This research describes and identifies the involvement of Indonesia women who lived with their resistance and justifying their existence as Indonesian migrant workers in various countries. This research used qualitative method and intended to gather information about the status or symptoms of a phenomenon to reveal the meaning behind it. The purpose of this study is to examine resistance and existence of Indonesia women who migrated to other countries. Informants were selected using purposive technique. Observations and in-depth interviews were conducted on 15 women. Conclusion of this research are transformation of women in the labor market, especially Indonesian migrant workers, is increasing. It shows resistance for Indonesian women to patriarchal system. Transnational migration which cover social, cultural, economic and political boundaries, are being deconstructed and transform into new rules along with transnational migration to Asia pacific country.

• Women vs. Women: Are Indonesian Women Too Vicious in Social Media? Monika Sri Yuliarti Universitas Sebelas Maret

  There have been many studies about women and social media. Nowadays, trend shows that women use media more than men, including in Indonesia. On the other side, Indonesian women are known to have noble values of national culture which are eastern cultures. In general, they are known as gentle, gentle and polite people. However, on one social media platform, Instagram, women are known not to indicate these traits. Using Pierre Levy New Media Theory, and cyber-feminism concept from Sadie Plant, this paper investigated digital interaction between female users of Instagram, particularly in creating a vicious noise. The expected finding of this paper is a framework of values-based digital interaction between female Indonesian users of Instagram. This finding is hoped to be used in other similar research in the future.

Papers (Part 2)

• Eliminating Nightmares: Increasing Mother Role in Healing Process of Paedhophilia Victims Fajar Nugraha Indonesia University of Education Siti Nurbayani Indonesia University of Education

  The healing process of pedophilia victims is a long stage and needs supervision from various roles. in this case, the most central roles are parents, especially mothers. Mothers play an important role in restoring children's confidence, increasing sensitivity to the environment, and preventing these occurrences from happening again. However, in some cases that occurred in this research, there were differences between maternal care for children with pedophile victims. In this study, the researcher used a qualitative approach with a descriptive analysis method carried out in three cities in Indonesia. The results show that these differences include; (1) parents, especially mothers, give more supervision to pedophile victim children so that children cannot open up and tell them what they are experiencing, (2) both parents try to assume that the incident is part of a child's mischief which has an impact on other sexual deviations, and (3) three parents who provide education about the importance of protecting themselves after the occurrence of the incident. On the other hand, the central role of mothers in improving children's self-confidence is very much needed, therefore in this article we will discuss the extent to which the role of mothers increases children's confidence in the healing process of pedophile victims because the tendency of children to be more open to their mothers. The implication is, this research article can provide knowledge about the handling of pedophile victims to return to their environment without negative stigma by increasing the role of mothers in care, protection and supervision of victims in the healing process.

• Is the Househusband a Reality or a Myth? Portrayals of Evolving Gender Roles of Middle Class Indonesian Mothers and Fathers Belinda Rina Marie Spagnoletti University of Melbourne

  Is the social fabric of traditional Indonesian families unravelling? And is the dominant patriarchal gender ideology that placed Indonesian women at the centre of the reproductive work domain weakening?

  Recent popular media representations of modern Indonesian parenting indicate that changes are indeed afoot. Middle class Indonesian women are labelled as “multitasking breastfeeding mamas”, while their husbands are being characterised as “ayah rumah tangga” (lit. househusbands). These labels indicate significant shifts in public discourses around gender roles. Income generation has traditionally been regarded as the primary role of Indonesian husbands, whereas their wives have been charged with running the household and raising the children.

  To what extent are these recent portrayals of Indonesian mothers/wives and fathers/husbands real or fictitious? And how do they diverge and converge with religious ideals concerning the familial roles of pious women and men?

  This paper analyses these emerging depictions of modern Indonesian women and men, and considers their alignment with Indonesian Islamic interpretations of family gender roles. It then presents primary data on the division of labour in among middle class Indonesian couples, and how this is being reconstellated after the arrival of children. The findings demonstrate how new fathers come to share caring and domestic responsibilities that have previously been categorised as “women’s work”. It also reflects upon women’s growing sense of entitlement to study, paid work and to raise their children with a greater degree of support from their male spouses. Finally the paper considers some of the ways in which men could be supported to further contribute in the domestic workload, such as through the provision of extended paternity leave. This paper draws on 18 months of ethnographic fieldwork undertaken in Yogyakarta from 2014—2016.

• (Re)narrating Indonesia: Rhetorical Modes in the Controversies About Indonesia’s Pornography Law Ronja Eberle Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin

  In October 2008, the so-called ‘bill against pornography and pornographic action’ was ratified under the title Pornography Law. The long-lasting controversies about the draft bill and the law can be seen as one of the most important fields in which national imaginations of ‘Indonesia’ have been challenged and redefined over the last decade. Using data from several national newspapers, the talk gives insights into arguments for and against the Pornography Law and how this arguments operate in and through interdependent processes of sexualisation, gendering and nationalisation. The focus will be on a rhetorical mode that I call ‘(re)narrating the nation’.

Abstract

Keywords

• Gender
• Indonesia